SEMINAR I

 Nelson Aldana and William Murga want to give you a warm welcome to our blog. In this blog,  You are going to increase your knowledge by learning the concept, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different research methods and techniques. 

PROJECTIVE RESEARCH

PROJECTIVE RESEARCH

       Projective techniques allow respondents to project their subjective or true opinions and beliefs onto other people or even objects. The respondent's real feelings are then inferred from what s/he says about others. Projective techniques are normally u

Advantages Of Projective Techniques

Psychologists can research subconscious and unconscious systems that can help them comprehend more personal or sensitive problems when people can express themselves more freely by responding to ambiguous stimuli.sed during individual or small group interviews.

What is an example of a projective technique used in research?

This is a technique that involves providing the respondent with a word or phrase and asking them to share the first word that comes to their mind. For example, a researcher could share a list of brands with a group of respondents and each respondent is asked to share the first word that comes to mind.

The main strength of projective tests is that: they provide good conversation points that can be helpful in psychotherapy. 

ACTION RESEARCH

 ACTION RESEARCH

Action research: is a research method that aims to simultaneously investigate and solve an issue. In other words, as its name suggests, action research conducts research and takes action at the same time. It was first coined as a term in 1944 by MIT professor Kurt Lewin.

Action research is characterized by clear stages, which include:

• A consideration of action (reflection and reconnaissance);
• Implementation of action for improvement to individual practice;
• The use of data collection on the action;
• A review of the action through consideration of data;
• The identification of further opportunities for improving intervention.

Advantages

• Action research is highly adaptable, allowing researchers to mold their analysis to their individual needs and implement practical individual-level changes.
• Action research provides an immediate and actionable path forward for solving entrenched issues, rather than suggesting complicated, longer-term solutions rooted in complex data.
• Done correctly, action research can be very empowering, informing social change and allowing participants to effect that change in ways meaningful to their communities.

Disadvantages

• Due to their flexibility, action research studies are plagued by very limited generalizability and are very difficult to replicate. They are often not considered theoretically rigorous due to the power the researcher holds in drawing conclusions.
• Action research can be complicated to structure in an ethical manner. Participants may feel pressured to participate or to participate in a certain way.
• Action research is at high risk for research biases such as selection bias, social desirability bias, or other types of cognitive biases.

 SURVEYS IN RESEARCH.

A survey is defined as the process of conducting research using them by researchers. Surveys can be conducted through online polls, paper-pencil questionnaires, web-intercept surveys, etc.

The most important and comprehensive reason for conducting market research using surveys is that you can collect answers to specific and essential questions. You can ask these questions in multiple formats depending on your audience and the purpose of the survey. Before designing a study, every organization must determine the goal of its implementation so that the study can be perfectly structured, planned and carried out.

Questions that require to get on your mind whereas coming up with a survey are:

What's the first aim of conducting the survey?

However, does one attempt to utilize the collected survey data?

What sort of selections you intend to require supported the points mentioned above.

Document review

 

 DOCUMENT REVIEW IN RESEARCH.

Document review is a growing field of employment for attorneys, especially given the challenging job market in many parts of the country. Below, a law school graduate details the pros and cons of a document review position.

For those unfamiliar with the position, document reviewers examine documents involved in pending litigation or investigations. These documents can take the form of emails, memos, spreadsheets, or virtually anything that contains information relevant to a case. Classifying this type of information is typically done electronically, and allows law firms to efficiently hand over information owed to opposing parties. Document reviewers are support staff, and typically work for companies that contract with law firms to provide document review services. In this post, someone who currently works for a document review company discusses the pros and cons of a document review job.

 

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH.

Keith Punch defined Qualitative research as ''empirical research where data are not in the form of numbers''. Empirical means that data or research is based on something that is experienced or observed as opposed to being based on theory. Data could be in the form of videos, images, or artefacts. (1)

There are several definitions for quaitative research.

- Qualitative research helps gain an understanding of underlying reasons.

- It is defined as market method.

Qualitative research is based on the disciplines as social sciences, psycology,etc. The results of qualitative methods are more descriptive and the inferences can be drawn quite easily from the data that is obtained. Also , this type of research can be combined with a quantitative research: therefore the data can be similar to quiantitative data, qualitative data consists on interviews, questionnaires with open questions in order to get more specific information.

Advantages vs disadvantages.

 Advantages.

- It is focus upon the subjective, cultural aspects of organizations.

- Answers "why" questions.

- Qualitative research provides a much more fexible approch.

Disadvantages.

- Questions can be answer with false information.

- Answers can be interpreted in different aspects.

- People prefer not to answer because they feel afraid of sharing their opinions.

Main characteristics in qualitative research.

1. Real-world Settings. 
2. Researchers play an important role, it can be work as a group or by one person.
3. Complex reasoning.
4. Importance given to the participants opinion.
5. Fexibility.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

 Experimental Research

 

What Is Experimental Research Design?

Experimental research design is a framework of protocols and procedures created to conduct experimental research with a scientific approach using two sets of variables. Herein, the first set of variables acts as a constant, used to measure the differences of the second set. The best example of experimental research methods is quantitative research.

Experimental research helps a researcher gather the necessary data for making better research decisions and determining the facts of a research study.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

1. Provides unbiased estimates of the factor effects and associated uncertainties
2. Enables the experimenter to detect important differences
3. Includes the plan for analysis and reporting of the results
4. Gives results that are easy to interpret
5. Permits conclusions that have wide validity
6. Shows the direction of better results
7. Is as simple as possible

Advantages and Disadvantages of Experimental Research: 

ADVANTAGES:

1. Researchers have firm control over variables to obtain results.
2. The subject does not impact the effectiveness of experimental research. Anyone can implement it for research purposes.
3. The results are specific.
4. Post-results analysis, research findings from the same dataset can be repurposed for similar research ideas.

                                                 DISADVANTAGES:

1. It is highly prone to human error.
2. Exerting control over extraneous variables may lead to the personal bias of the researcher.
3. It is time-consuming.
4. It is expensive
5. Manipulating control variables may have ethical implications.
6. It produces artificial results.